Learn and share.
在Win10上遇到了一个问题：
Failed to open a session for the virtual machine ubuntu.
Raw-mode is unavailable courtesy of Hyper-V. (VERR_SUPDRV_NO_RAW_MODE_HYPER_V_ROOT).
Result Code: E_FAIL (0x80004005)
Component: ConsoleWrap
Interface: IConsole {872da645-4a9b-1727-bee2-5585105b9eed}
最后发现是前几天安装了Win10的Hyper-V模块，卸载后就好了。
VirtualBox有四种联网方式：
NAT：
虚拟机通过网络地址转换协议来访问宿主机网络，虚拟机可以访问宿主机可以访问的所有网络
宿主机和虚拟机之间无法通讯
而在宿主机局域网其他主机看来，虚拟机是不存在的
虚拟机之间不可以相互访问
Bridged：
虚拟机通过桥接，把自己虚拟为宿主机同一局域网的一台设备，虚拟机可以访问宿主机可以访问的所有网络
对于宿主机来说，虚拟机就是同一局域网的一台设备
而在宿主机局域网其他主机看来，虚拟机就是同一局域网的一台设备
虚拟机之间可以相互访问
HostOnly：
虚拟机宿主机可以相互访问，默认虚拟机不可以访问宿主机所在网络（宿主机可以共享网络给虚拟机，但一般不会这么用）。
虚拟机之间可以相互访问
Internal：
只有虚拟机之间可以相互访问。
具体情况如下（假设网段设置都正确）：
| 通讯 | Internal | HostOnly | NAT | Bridge |
| 虚拟机到宿主机 | NO | YES | YES | YES |
| 宿主机到虚拟机 | NO | YES | NO | YES，部分网络服务受限 |
| 虚拟机到其他主机 | NO | NO | YES | YES，部分网络服务受限 |
| 其他主机到虚拟机 | NO | NO | NO | YES |
| 虚拟机到虚拟机 | YES | YES | NO | YES |
1、常用命令
#列出全部虚拟机 VBoxManage list vms #列出全部运行中的虚拟机 VBoxManage list runningvms #列出虚拟机信息 VBoxManage showvminfo uuid|vmname #开启虚拟机 VBoxManage startvm uuid|vmname #开启虚拟机，无GUI模式 VBoxManage startvm uuid|vmname --type headless #暂停虚拟机 VBoxManage controlvm uuid|vmname pause #继续运行虚拟机 VBoxManage controlvm uuid|vmname resume #按下机箱重启按钮 VBoxManage controlvm uuid|vmname reset #断电 VBoxManage controlvm uuid|vmname poweroff #按下机箱电影按钮 VBoxManage controlvm uuid|vmname acpipowerbutton #按下机箱睡眠按钮 VBoxManage controlvm uuid|vmname acpisleepbutton
2、全部参数
Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 4.3.10
(C) 2005-2014 Oracle Corporation
All rights reserved.
Usage:
VBoxManage [<general option>] <command>
General Options:
[-v|--version] print version number and exit
[-q|--nologo] suppress the logo
[--settingspw <pw>] provide the settings password
[--settingspwfile <file>] provide a file containing the settings password
Commands:
list [--long|-l] vms|runningvms|ostypes|hostdvds|hostfloppies|
intnets|bridgedifs|hostonlyifs|natnets|dhcpservers|
hostinfo|hostcpuids|hddbackends|hdds|dvds|floppies|
usbhost|usbfilters|systemproperties|extpacks|
groups|webcams
showvminfo <uuid|vmname> [--details]
[--machinereadable]
showvminfo <uuid|vmname> --log <idx>
registervm <filename>
unregistervm <uuid|vmname> [--delete]
createvm --name <name>
[--groups <group>, ...]
[--ostype <ostype>]
[--register]
[--basefolder <path>]
[--uuid <uuid>]
modifyvm <uuid|vmname>
[--name <name>]
[--groups <group>, ...]
[--ostype <ostype>]
[--iconfile <filename>]
[--memory <memorysize in MB>]
[--pagefusion on|off]
[--vram <vramsize in MB>]
[--acpi on|off]
[--pciattach 03:04.0]
[--pciattach 03:04.0@02:01.0]
[--pcidetach 03:04.0]
[--ioapic on|off]
[--hpet on|off]
[--triplefaultreset on|off]
[--hwvirtex on|off]
[--nestedpaging on|off]
[--largepages on|off]
[--vtxvpid on|off]
[--vtxux on|off]
[--pae on|off]
[--longmode on|off]
[--synthcpu on|off]
[--cpuidset <leaf> <eax> <ebx> <ecx> <edx>]
[--cpuidremove <leaf>]
[--cpuidremoveall]
[--hardwareuuid <uuid>]
[--cpus <number>]
[--cpuhotplug on|off]
[--plugcpu <id>]
[--unplugcpu <id>]
[--cpuexecutioncap <1-100>]
[--rtcuseutc on|off]
[--graphicscontroller none|vboxvga|vmsvga]
[--monitorcount <number>]
[--accelerate3d on|off]
[--accelerate2dvideo on|off]
[--firmware bios|efi|efi32|efi64]
[--chipset ich9|piix3]
[--bioslogofadein on|off]
[--bioslogofadeout on|off]
[--bioslogodisplaytime <msec>]
[--bioslogoimagepath <imagepath>]
[--biosbootmenu disabled|menuonly|messageandmenu]
[--biossystemtimeoffset <msec>]
[--biospxedebug on|off]
[--boot<1-4> none|floppy|dvd|disk|net>]
[--nic<1-N> none|null|nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly|
generic|natnetwork]
[--nictype<1-N> Am79C970A|Am79C973|
82540EM|82543GC|82545EM|
virtio]
[--cableconnected<1-N> on|off]
[--nictrace<1-N> on|off]
[--nictracefile<1-N> <filename>]
[--nicproperty<1-N> name=[value]]
[--nicspeed<1-N> <kbps>]
[--nicbootprio<1-N> <priority>]
[--nicpromisc<1-N> deny|allow-vms|allow-all]
[--nicbandwidthgroup<1-N> none|<name>]
[--bridgeadapter<1-N> none|<devicename>]
[--hostonlyadapter<1-N> none|<devicename>]
[--intnet<1-N> <network name>]
[--nat-network<1-N> <network name>]
[--nicgenericdrv<1-N> <driver>
[--natnet<1-N> <network>|default]
[--natsettings<1-N> [<mtu>],[<socksnd>],
[<sockrcv>],[<tcpsnd>],
[<tcprcv>]]
[--natpf<1-N> [<rulename>],tcp|udp,[<hostip>],
<hostport>,[<guestip>],<guestport>]
[--natpf<1-N> delete <rulename>]
[--nattftpprefix<1-N> <prefix>]
[--nattftpfile<1-N> <file>]
[--nattftpserver<1-N> <ip>]
[--natbindip<1-N> <ip>
[--natdnspassdomain<1-N> on|off]
[--natdnsproxy<1-N> on|off]
[--natdnshostresolver<1-N> on|off]
[--nataliasmode<1-N> default|[log],[proxyonly],
[sameports]]
[--macaddress<1-N> auto|<mac>]
[--mouse ps2|usb|usbtablet|usbmultitouch]
[--keyboard ps2|usb
[--uart<1-N> off|<I/O base> <IRQ>]
[--uartmode<1-N> disconnected|
server <pipe>|
client <pipe>|
file <file>|
<devicename>]
[--lpt<1-N> off|<I/O base> <IRQ>]
[--lptmode<1-N> <devicename>]
[--guestmemoryballoon <balloonsize in MB>]
[--audio none|null|dsound]
[--audiocontroller ac97|hda|sb16]
[--clipboard disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost|
bidirectional]
[--draganddrop disabled|hosttoguest
[--vrde on|off]
[--vrdeextpack default|<name>
[--vrdeproperty <name=[value]>]
[--vrdeport <hostport>]
[--vrdeaddress <hostip>]
[--vrdeauthtype null|external|guest]
[--vrdeauthlibrary default|<name>
[--vrdemulticon on|off]
[--vrdereusecon on|off]
[--vrdevideochannel on|off]
[--vrdevideochannelquality <percent>]
[--usb on|off]
[--usbehci on|off]
[--snapshotfolder default|<path>]
[--teleporter on|off]
[--teleporterport <port>]
[--teleporteraddress <address|empty>
[--teleporterpassword <password>]
[--teleporterpasswordfile <file>|stdin]
[--tracing-enabled on|off]
[--tracing-config <config-string>]
[--tracing-allow-vm-access on|off]
[--usbcardreader on|off]
[--autostart-enabled on|off]
[--autostart-delay <seconds>]
[--vcpenabled on|off]
[--vcpscreens [<display>],...
[--vcpfile <filename>]
[--vcpwidth <width>]
[--vcpheight <height>]
[--vcprate <rate>]
[--vcpfps <fps>]
[--defaultfrontend default|<name>]
clonevm <uuid|vmname>
[--snapshot <uuid>|<name>]
[--mode machine|machineandchildren|all]
[--options link|keepallmacs|keepnatmacs|
keepdisknames]
[--name <name>]
[--groups <group>, ...]
[--basefolder <basefolder>]
[--uuid <uuid>]
[--register]
import <ovfname/ovaname>
[--dry-run|-n]
[--options keepallmacs|keepnatmacs]
[more options]
(run with -n to have options displayed
for a particular OVF)
export <machines> --output|-o <name>.<ovf/ova>
[--legacy09|--ovf09|--ovf10|--ovf20]
[--manifest]
[--iso]
[--options manifest|iso|nomacs|nomacsbutnat]
[--vsys <number of virtual system>]
[--product <product name>]
[--producturl <product url>]
[--vendor <vendor name>]
[--vendorurl <vendor url>]
[--version <version info>]
[--description <description info>]
[--eula <license text>]
[--eulafile <filename>]
startvm <uuid|vmname>...
[--type gui|sdl|headless]
controlvm <uuid|vmname>
pause|resume|reset|poweroff|savestate|
acpipowerbutton|acpisleepbutton|
keyboardputscancode <hex> [<hex> ...]|
setlinkstate<1-N> on|off |
nic<1-N> null|nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly|generic|
natnetwork [<devicename>] |
nictrace<1-N> on|off |
nictracefile<1-N> <filename> |
nicproperty<1-N> name=[value] |
nicpromisc<1-N> deny|allow-vms|allow-all |
natpf<1-N> [<rulename>],tcp|udp,[<hostip>],
<hostport>,[<guestip>],<guestport> |
natpf<1-N> delete <rulename> |
guestmemoryballoon <balloonsize in MB> |
usbattach <uuid>|<address> |
usbdetach <uuid>|<address> |
clipboard disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost|
bidirectional |
draganddrop disabled|hosttoguest |
vrde on|off |
vrdeport <port> |
vrdeproperty <name=[value]> |
vrdevideochannelquality <percent> |
setvideomodehint <xres> <yres> <bpp>
[[<display>] [<enabled:yes|no> |
[<xorigin> <yorigin>]]] |
screenshotpng <file> [display] |
vcpenabled on|off |
vcpscreens all|none|<screen>,[<screen>...] |
setcredentials <username>
--passwordfile <file> | <password>
<domain>
[--allowlocallogon <yes|no>] |
teleport --host <name> --port <port>
[--maxdowntime <msec>]
[--passwordfile <file> |
--password <password>] |
plugcpu <id> |
unplugcpu <id> |
cpuexecutioncap <1-100>
webcam <attach [path [settings]]> | <detach [path]> | <list>
discardstate <uuid|vmname>
adoptstate <uuid|vmname> <state_file>
snapshot <uuid|vmname>
take <name> [--description <desc>] [--live] |
delete <uuid|snapname> |
restore <uuid|snapname> |
restorecurrent |
edit <uuid|snapname>|--current
[--name <name>]
[--description <desc>] |
list [--details|--machinereadable]
showvminfo <uuid|snapname>
closemedium disk|dvd|floppy <uuid|filename>
[--delete]
storageattach <uuid|vmname>
--storagectl <name>
[--port <number>]
[--device <number>]
[--type dvddrive|hdd|fdd]
[--medium none|emptydrive|additions|
<uuid|filename>|host:<drive>|iscsi]
[--mtype normal|writethrough|immutable|shareable|
readonly|multiattach]
[--comment <text>]
[--setuuid <uuid>]
[--setparentuuid <uuid>]
[--passthrough on|off]
[--tempeject on|off]
[--nonrotational on|off]
[--discard on|off]
[--bandwidthgroup <name>]
[--forceunmount]
[--server <name>|<ip>]
[--target <target>]
[--tport <port>]
[--lun <lun>]
[--encodedlun <lun>]
[--username <username>]
[--password <password>]
[--initiator <initiator>]
[--intnet]
storagectl <uuid|vmname>
--name <name>
[--add ide|sata|scsi|floppy|sas]
[--controller LSILogic|LSILogicSAS|BusLogic|
IntelAHCI|PIIX3|PIIX4|ICH6|I82078]
[--portcount <1-30>]
[--hostiocache on|off]
[--bootable on|off]
[--remove]
bandwidthctl <uuid|vmname>
add <name> --type disk|network
--limit <megabytes per second>[k|m|g|K|M|G] |
set <name>
--limit <megabytes per second>[k|m|g|K|M|G] |
remove <name> |
list [--machinereadable]
(limit units: k=kilobit, m=megabit, g=gigabit,
K=kilobyte, M=megabyte, G=gigabyte)
showhdinfo <uuid|filename>
createhd --filename <filename>
[--size <megabytes>|--sizebyte <bytes>]
[--diffparent <uuid>|<filename>
[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] (default: VDI)
[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]
modifyhd <uuid|filename>
[--type normal|writethrough|immutable|shareable|
readonly|multiattach]
[--autoreset on|off]
[--property <name=[value]>]
[--compact]
[--resize <megabytes>|--resizebyte <bytes>]
clonehd <uuid|inputfile> <uuid|outputfile>
[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|<other>]
[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]
[--existing]
convertfromraw <filename> <outputfile>
[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD]
[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]
[--uuid <uuid>]
convertfromraw stdin <outputfile> <bytes>
[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD]
[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]
[--uuid <uuid>]
getextradata global|<uuid|vmname>
<key>|enumerate
setextradata global|<uuid|vmname>
<key>
[<value>] (no value deletes key)
setproperty machinefolder default|<folder> |
hwvirtexclusive on|off |
vrdeauthlibrary default|<library> |
websrvauthlibrary default|null|<library> |
vrdeextpack null|<library> |
autostartdbpath null|<folder> |
loghistorycount <value>
defaultfrontend default|<name>
usbfilter add <index,0-N>
--target <uuid|vmname>|global
--name <string>
--action ignore|hold (global filters only)
[--active yes|no] (yes)
[--vendorid <XXXX>] (null)
[--productid <XXXX>] (null)
[--revision <IIFF>] (null)
[--manufacturer <string>] (null)
[--product <string>] (null)
[--remote yes|no] (null, VM filters only)
[--serialnumber <string>] (null)
[--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX>]
usbfilter modify <index,0-N>
--target <uuid|vmname>|global
[--name <string>]
[--action ignore|hold] (global filters only)
[--active yes|no]
[--vendorid <XXXX>|""]
[--productid <XXXX>|""]
[--revision <IIFF>|""]
[--manufacturer <string>|""]
[--product <string>|""]
[--remote yes|no] (null, VM filters only)
[--serialnumber <string>|""]
[--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX>]
usbfilter remove <index,0-N>
--target <uuid|vmname>|global
sharedfolder add <uuid|vmname>
--name <name> --hostpath <hostpath>
[--transient] [--readonly] [--automount]
sharedfolder remove <uuid|vmname>
--name <name> [--transient]
guestproperty get <uuid|vmname>
<property> [--verbose]
guestproperty set <uuid|vmname>
<property> [<value> [--flags <flags>]]
guestproperty delete|unset <uuid|vmname>
<property>
guestproperty enumerate <uuid|vmname>
[--patterns <patterns>]
guestproperty wait <uuid|vmname> <patterns>
[--timeout <msec>] [--fail-on-timeout]
guestcontrol <uuid|vmname>
exec[ute]
--image <path to program> --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose] [--timeout <msec>]
[--environment "<NAME>=<VALUE> [<NAME>=<VALUE>]"]
[--wait-exit] [--wait-stdout] [--wait-stderr]
[--dos2unix] [--unix2dos]
[-- [<argument1>] ... [<argumentN>]]
copyfrom
<guest source> <host dest> --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose]
[--dryrun] [--follow] [--recursive]
copyto|cp
<host source> <guest dest> --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose]
[--dryrun] [--follow] [--recursive]
createdir[ectory]|mkdir|md
<guest directory>... --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose]
[--parents] [--mode <mode>]
removedir[ectory]|rmdir
<guest directory>... --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose]
[--recursive|-R|-r]
removefile|rm
<guest file>... --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose]
ren[ame]|mv
<source>... <dest> --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose]
createtemp[orary]|mktemp
<template> --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--directory] [--secure] [--tmpdir <directory>]
[--domain <domain>] [--mode <mode>] [--verbose]
list <all|sessions|processes|files> [--verbose]
process kill --session-id <ID>
| --session-name <name or pattern>
[--verbose]
<PID> ... <PID n>
[p[s]]kill --session-id <ID>
| --session-name <name or pattern>
[--verbose]
<PID> ... <PID n>
session close --session-id <ID>
| --session-name <name or pattern>
| --all
[--verbose]
stat
<file>... --username <name>
[--passwordfile <file> | --password <password>]
[--domain <domain>] [--verbose]
updateadditions
[--source <guest additions .ISO>] [--verbose]
[--wait-start]
[-- [<argument1>] ... [<argumentN>]]
watch [--verbose]
debugvm <uuid|vmname>
dumpguestcore --filename <name> |
info <item> [args] |
injectnmi |
log [--release|--debug] <settings> ...|
logdest [--release|--debug] <settings> ...|
logflags [--release|--debug] <settings> ...|
osdetect |
osinfo |
getregisters [--cpu <id>] <reg>|all ... |
setregisters [--cpu <id>] <reg>=<value> ... |
show [--human-readable|--sh-export|--sh-eval|
--cmd-set]
<logdbg-settings|logrel-settings>
[[opt] what ...] |
statistics [--reset] [--pattern <pattern>]
[--descriptions]
metrics list [*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]
(comma-separated)
metrics setup
[--period <seconds>] (default: 1)
[--samples <count>] (default: 1)
[--list]
[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]
metrics query [*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]
metrics enable
[--list]
[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]
metrics disable
[--list]
[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]
metrics collect
[--period <seconds>] (default: 1)
[--samples <count>] (default: 1)
[--list]
[--detach]
[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]
natnetwork add --netname <name>
--network <network>
[--enable|--disable]
[--dhcp on|off]
[--port-forward-4 <rule>]
[--loopback-4 <rule>]
[--ipv6 on|off]
[--port-forward-6 <rule>]
[--loopback-6 <rule>]
natnetwork remove --netname <name>
natnetwork modify --netname <name>
[--network <network>]
[--enable|--disable]
[--dhcp on|off]
[--port-forward-4 <rule>]
[--loopback-4 <rule>]
[--ipv6 on|off]
[--port-forward-6 <rule>]
[--loopback-6 <rule>]
natnetwork start --netname <name>
natnetwork stop --netname <name>
hostonlyif ipconfig <name>
[--dhcp |
--ip<ipv4> [--netmask<ipv4> (def: 255.255.255.0)] |
--ipv6<ipv6> [--netmasklengthv6<length> (def: 64)]]
create |
remove <name>
dhcpserver add|modify --netname <network_name> |
--ifname <hostonly_if_name>
[--ip <ip_address>
--netmask <network_mask>
--lowerip <lower_ip>
--upperip <upper_ip>]
[--enable | --disable]
dhcpserver remove --netname <network_name> |
--ifname <hostonly_if_name>
extpack install [--replace] <tarball> |
uninstall [--force] <name> |
cleanup
1、修改硬盘GUID
"VBoxManage.exe" internalcommands sethduuid "PATH_TO_VID/XXX.vdi"
2、VMDK转VDI
"VBoxManage.exe" clonehd "PATH_TO_VMDK\source.vmdk" "PATH_TO_VID\target.vdi" --format VDI
2、VDI转VMDK
"VBoxManage.exe" clonehd "PATH_TO_VID\source.vdi" "PATH_TO_VMDK\target.vmdk" --format VMDK
默认情况下，Virtualbox从无法从U盘启动的。
但可以用变通的方法，将宿主机的U盘，模拟为一个虚拟盘，从虚拟盘进行启动。
1、首先产看本地硬盘信息
运行diskmgmt.msc
查看U盘是第几个驱动器，比如我的是第2个驱动器（编号从0开始，0,1,2这样）
2、将U盘模拟为一个虚拟盘
VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename D:\VirtualMashines\VirtualBox\WinXP\usbdisk.vmdk -rawdisk \\.\PhysicalDrive2
3、虚拟机中，添加该虚拟盘
4、启动，按F12，选择虚拟盘启动。
1、首先定位各虚拟磁盘的UUID
C:\ProgramerTools\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage.exe list hdds UUID: b806ffa9-ea8e-4059-9dd8-2d246e850ab6 Parent UUID: base State: created Type: normal (base) Location: D:\VirtualMashines\VirtualBox\WinXP\WinXP.vdi Storage format: VDI Capacity: 10240 MBytes UUID: 945de0c8-f928-44ad-ae39-9a12a71568ef Parent UUID: base State: created Type: normal (base) Location: D:\VirtualMashines\VirtualBox\Debian8\Debian8.vdi Storage format: VDI Capacity: 20480 MBytes UUID: e49d8a88-d68b-43b8-954e-2be419933e08 Parent UUID: base State: created Type: normal (base) Location: D:\VirtualMashines\VirtualBox\Docker\Debian8Docker\Debian8Docker .vdi Storage format: VDI Capacity: 20480 MBytes UUID: eab29989-ce9c-4491-8dd0-2190ed3029d6 Parent UUID: base State: created Type: normal (base) Location: D:\VirtualMashines\VirtualBox\FreeBSD10\FreeBSD10.vdi Storage format: VDI Capacity: 20480 MBytes UUID: 74bcd43e-a315-437e-9b4f-895051ff8433 Parent UUID: base State: created Type: normal (base) Location: D:\VirtualMashines\VirtualBox\FreeBSD10\FreeBSD10A01.vdi Storage format: VDI Capacity: 20480 MBytes
2、扩展WinXP虚拟磁盘
2.1我的xp虚拟机一共只有10G，我需要扩展到20G（要关虚拟机）
C:\ProgramerTools\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage modifyhd b806ffa9-ea8e-4059-9dd8- 2d246e850ab6 --resize 20480 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
2.2扩展后，开启虚拟机，自己到磁盘管理器中分配空间即可。
3、扩展Debian虚拟磁盘
3.1我的Debian8Docker虚拟机一共只有20G，我需要扩展到30G（要关虚拟机）
C:\ProgramerTools\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage modifyhd e49d8a88-d68b-43b8-954e- 2be419933e08 --resize 30720 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
3.2扩展后，开启虚拟机，使用gparted等工具分配空间即可。
需要提前unmount分区，如果是调整扩展分区，需要umount该扩展分区下的所有挂载点。
4、压缩WinXP虚拟磁盘
4.1需要到微软官网下载sdelete工具，然后在虚拟机中运行：
sdelete -z
4.2关闭虚拟机，运行：
VBoxManage modifyhd b806ffa9-ea8e-4059-9dd8-2d246e850ab6 --compact
5、压缩Debian虚拟磁盘：
5.1A在虚拟机中运行zerofree命令，需要将分区挂载为只读模式
apt-get install zerofree cd / umount /home zerofree /dev/sda6
5.1B在虚拟机中运行dd命令，需要将分区挂载为读写模式
dd if=/dev/zero of=/bigemptyfile rm bigemptyfile
5.2关闭虚拟机，运行：
VBoxManage modifyhd 945de0c8-f928-44ad-ae39-9a12a71568ef --compact
6、压缩FreeBSD虚拟磁盘：
6.1A在虚拟机中运行dd命令，需要将分区挂载为读写模式
dd if=/dev/zero of=bigemptyfile bs=1m rm bigemptyfile
6.1B在虚拟机中运行dd命令，需要将分区挂载为读写模式（适用于影片空闲空间较小）
cat /dev/zero > bigemptyfile;sync;sleep 1;sync; rm -f bigemptyfile
6.2关闭虚拟机，运行：
VBoxManage modifyhd eab29989-ce9c-4491-8dd0-2190ed3029d6 --compact VBoxManage modifyhd 74bcd43e-a315-437e-9b4f-895051ff8433 --compact
1、产看扩展包
VBoxManage list extpacks
2、卸载扩展包
VBoxManage extpack uninstall "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack"
3、安装扩展包
VBoxManage extpack install "PATH_TO_EXTENSION_PACK"